It sparked Lighting intense debate about gun violence Violence , gun laws , gaps in the U.S. system for treating mental health issues Creating , the perpetrator 's state of mind , the responsibility of college administrations , privacy laws , journalism ethics , and other issues Creating .

Four civilians , four police officers , and also perpetrator were injured Bodily_harm in the attack Attack .

The perpetrator was living illegally in Israel at the time of the attack Attack .

The attack Attack was the deadliest in Norway since World War II and the shooting Killing at Utøya remains the deadliest mass shooting Killing by a lone perpetrator in history .

Authorities identified Check the perpetrator as Oksana Aslanova .

However , there was later uncertainty as to the identity Check of the bomber , with some news agencies stating Statement the perpetrator was male .

Some sources reported Reporting that the last name of the perpetrator was Pavlov .

On 30 December it was reported Reporting that the perpetrator was an ethnic Russian convert Change to Islam from the city of Volzhsk , in the Mari El Republic , by the name of Pavel Pechenkin , who changed Change his name to Ar-Rusi after conversion to Islam .

The perpetrator Committing_crime , 52-year-old Qian Mingqi , was initially reported Reporting possibly among those killed Killing in the blasts , leading Causation China 's state run news agencies to label Labeling it a suicide bombing Terrorism .

The report cast doubt on the government 's conclusion that Ivins was the perpetrator , finding Know that the type of anthrax used in the letters was correctly identified Check as the Ames strain of the bacterium , but that there was insufficient scientific evidence for the FBI 's assertion that it originated Coming_to_be from Ivins 's laboratory .

The FBI responded by pointing out that the review panel asserted Statement that it would not be possible to reach Achieve a definite conclusion based on science alone , and said Statement that a combination of factors led the FBI to conclude Statement that Ivins had been the perpetrator .

Pakistan later confirmed Check that the sole surviving perpetrator of the attacks was a Pakistani citizen .

crown prince dipendra was accused Judgment_communication of the massacre Killing according to the statements Statement of the surviving eyewitnesses and reports Reporting of incident inquiry Scrutiny committee consisting Containing of supreme court chief justice and the speaker of the house of representatives , but the nepalese authorities never officially revealed Reveal_secret anyone 's identity as the perpetrator of the massacre .

However , only one of those taken Conquering into custody was identified Coming_to_believe as the perpetrator by the authorities .

Despite extensive investigations Scrutiny , the perpetrator was never identified Check , and various theories on the killer 's identity have been presented Presence over the years .

In total , two victims and the perpetrator were killed Killing , while five police officers were wounded Bodily_harm .

This led to Causation a shootout Use_firearm which killed Killing two additional RCMP officers in Banff , Alberta and the death Death of perpetrator Joseph Posnikoff .